Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of octapeptin derivatives / 药学学报

Octapeptin has strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, while it also has activity against some Gram-positive bacteria. This study used natural octapeptin A3 and B3 as lead compounds for structural modification. Twenty-one peptide derivatives (including A3 and B3) containing eight amino acid residues were prepared by solid-phase synthesis, and evaluated for antibacterial activity and renal cytotoxicity. Among them, three compounds 6, 7 and 17 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and significantly enhanced the activity for Gram-positive bacteria while maintaining the activity of Gram-negative bacteria. Several compounds improved the activity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compound 7 was active against all test strains and had relatively low renal cytotoxicity. The results provide a basis for the further development of novel polypeptide antibiotics.

Current status and related factors of the ecological environment and health literacy among medical students in Shiyan City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the current situation and related factors of the ecological environment and health literacy level of medical college students in Shiyan City, so as to propose relevant countermeasures and suggestions for improvement in these domains.@*Methods@#From May to June 2023, 1 312 medical students from Hubei University of Medicine in Shiyan City were selected by accidental sampling to investigate the level and influencing factors of the ecological environment and health literacy among this population. The Chi square test and binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the different characteristics and main influencing factors of the ecological environment and health literacy levels in this population.@*Results@#The level of the ecological environment and health literacy level among medical students in Shiyan City was 24.3%. Different levels of ecological environmental and health literacy were observed among medical students by gender, grade, major and ethnicity ( χ 2=5.13, 54.87 , 64.71, 5.99, P <0.05). Higher rates were also observed among public health major students than among students of other majors. The first three classification literacy levels consisting of basic literacy, basic knowledge, and basic skills were 4.6%, 49.5 % and 50.4%, respectively. The possession rates of six secondary classification indicators were as follows:basic cognition ( 53.2 %), basic attitudes (34.5%), scientific knowledge (3.0%), behavioral knowledge (22.5%), cognitive skills (59.5%) and operational skills (48.6%). The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that ethnic minorities and biomedical majors were negatively correlated with medical students ecological environment and health literacy ( OR =0.61,0.52), while female students, public health majors, sophomores and seniors were positively correlated with medical students ecological environment and health literacy ( OR=1.44, 1.95, 2.16, 2.24, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The overall level of ecological environment and health literacy among medical students in Shiyan City is low. Schools should popularize environmental health knowledge from different perspectives in order to improve the overall literacy level of environmental health literacy among medical students.

Systemic antibiotics increase microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Periodontitis is the most widespread oral disease and is closely related to the oral microbiota. The oral microbiota is adversely affected by some pharmacologic treatments. Systemic antibiotics are widely used for infectious diseases but can lead to gut dysbiosis, causing negative effects on the human body. Whether systemic antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can affect the oral microbiota or even periodontitis has not yet been addressed. In this research, mice were exposed to drinking water containing a cocktail of four antibiotics to explore how systemic antibiotics affect microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that gut dysbiosis caused by long-term use of antibiotics can disturb the oral microbiota and aggravate periodontitis. Moreover, the expression of cytokines related to Th17 was increased while transcription factors and cytokines related to Treg were decreased in the periodontal tissue. Fecal microbiota transplantation with normal mice feces restored the gut microbiota and barrier, decreased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota, reversed the Th17/Treg imbalance in periodontal tissue, and alleviated alveolar bone loss. This study highlights the potential adverse effects of long-term systemic antibiotics-induced gut dysbiosis on the oral microbiota and periodontitis. A Th17/Treg imbalance might be related to this relationship. Importantly, these results reveal that the periodontal condition of patients should be assessed regularly when using systemic antibiotics in clinical practice.

Molecular Detection of Tick-borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Hainan Island, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Pathogens like bacteria and protozoa, which affect human and animal health worldwide, can be transmitted by vectors like ticks. To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of bacteria and protozoans carried by ticks in Chengmai county of Hainan province, China, 285 adult hard ticks belonging to two species [

Characteristics of oral methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from dental plaque / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The oral microbial community is widely regarded as a latent reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms of 35 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains isolated from the dental plaque of a healthy human population. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) revealed that all the isolates were nonsusceptible to oxacillin and penicillin G. Most of them were also resistant to trimethoprim (65.7%) and erythromycin (54.3%). The resistance to multiple antibiotics was found to be largely due to the acquisition of plasmid-borne genes. The mecA and dfrA genes were found in all the isolates, mostly dfrG (80%), aacA-aphD (20%), aadD (28.6%), aphA3 (22.9%), msrA (5.7%), and the ermC gene (14.3%). Classical mutational mechanisms found in these isolates were mainly efflux pumps such as qacA (31.4%), qacC (25.7%), tetK (17.1%), and norA (8.6%). Multilocus sequence type analysis revealed that sequence type 59 (ST59) strains comprised 71.43% of the typed isolates, and the eBURST algorithm clustered STs into the clonal complex 2-II(CC2-II). The staphyloccoccal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type results showed that 25 (71.43%) were assigned to type IV. Moreover, 88.66% of the isolates were found to harbor six or more biofilm-associated genes. The aap, atlE, embp, sdrF, and IS256 genes were detected in all 35 isolates. This research demonstrates that biofilm-positive multiple-antibiotic-resistant ST59-SCCmec IV S. epidermidis strains exist in the dental plaque of healthy people and may be a potential risk for the transmission of antibiotic resistance.

Spinal Interleukin-10/β-Endorphin Pathway Suppresses Neuropathic Pain in Infant Rats / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To unmask the mechanisms underlying the suppression of infant neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.【Methods】Rats were subjected to spared nerve injury(SNI)at postnatal 10 d or 33 d. Mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds as well as spinal interleukin-10(IL-10)and the β-endorphin precursor gene proopiomelanocortin(POMC)mRNA expression were detected 7 d after surgery. The IL-10 or β-endorphin neutralizing antibody was intrathecally injected for 3 d(the 7 th-9 th day after surgery)and mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds were tested 1 h after each injection. Spinal IL-10 mRNA and POMC mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR.【Results】In contrast to adult rats,infant rats subjected to SNI displayed no mechanical allodynia but an increase in spinal cord IL-10 and POMC mRNA expression. Intrathecal administration of the IL-10 antibody and β-endorphin antibody evoked neuropathic painlike behaviors in infant rats. SNI-induced POMC mRNA increase was blocked by the pretreatment with intrathecal the IL-10 antibody,while the increased IL-10 mRNA expression was not affected by the β-endorphin antibody pretreatment.【Conclusions】The suppression of neuropathic pain in infant rats may be mediated by activation of spinal IL-10/β-endorphin pathway.

The effect of all-new performance-payment reform based on doctors change in a district public hospital of Chongqing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This research focused on the doctors' changes based on the performance-payment reform from a district public hospital of Chongqing.The work compared the doctors' work efficiency,medical quality,scientific research,new technology and new project,cost control and patients burden.Performance-payment reform significantly activated doctors' self-study initiative and quality.The main running quotas of hospital,including stuff's positivity,work efficiency,medical quality,scientific research,new technology and new project,presented a better improvement trend.This not only reduced the patient cost burden,relieved the doctor-patient relationship,but also improved the hospital personnel cohesion,and strengthened the core competitiveness of the hospital.

Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine Citrate and the Progress of Its Application in the Treatment for Apnea of Prematurity / 中国药学杂志

Apnea in premature infants is a common preterm neonatal serious disease, persistent apnea will cause harm to brain and organ development. Methylxanthine compounds such as theophylline and caffeine are used to treat apnea in premature infants. Among them, the caffeine treatment of greater safety and ease of administration once a day, and more attention due to caffeine safe, effective, cost-effective the best, Aranda described it as "silver bullet in neonatal medicine". Caffeine reduced the number of apneic episodes during the first 2 to 7 d and the number of intermittent positive pressure ventilation use and showed a dependency on other beneficial effects such as can reduced time of tracheal intubation and nasal catheter continuous positive airway pressure, reduce the duration of continuous oxygen supply, improve the success rate of weaning, reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, reduce patent ductus arteriosus, reduce the use of hormones, retinopathy of premature children have a positive therapeutic effect. Caffeine treatment reduces positive airway pressure, thereby reducing overall treatment costs. In 2013, China approved caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea in premature infants. In this paper, the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in premature infants and its application in apnea and related diseases of premature infants were reviewed.

Beneficial effects of natural Jeju groundwaters on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats

BACKGROUND: Groundwater is believed to possess many beneficial effects due to its natural source of various minerals. In this study, we examined the effects of natural Jeju groundwater S1 (Samdasoo(TM)), S2 and S3 pumped up from different locations of Jeju Island, Korea, along with local tap water, on body weight gain, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and liver histopathology in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Different water samples were supplied to the hyperlipidemic rats as their daily drinking water and the widely-used anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin was used as a positive control. Body weight, serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured weekly. Liver weight, liver index and liver histopathology were examined after the execution of the rats. RESULTS: After drinking Jeju groundwaters for two months, S2 but not S3 significantly reduced weight growth and serum triglycerides levels and increased high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) without affecting total cholesterol or LDL-C. S1 and particularly S2 significantly reduced the severity of liver hypertrophy and steatosis. All Groundwaters had much higher contents of vanadium (S3>S2>S1>>tap water) whereas S1 and S2 but not S3 markedly blocked autoxidation of ferrous ions. CONCLUSION: Jeju Groundwater S1 and particularly S2 exhibit protective effects against hyperlipidemia and fatty liver and hypothesize that the beneficial effect of Jeju Groundwaters may be contributed from blockade of autoxidation of ferrous ions rather than their high contents of vanadium.

Advances in the treatment of giant abdominal incisional hernia / 国际外科学杂志

Abodominal giant incisional hernia is the common complication of abdominal operations,and surgery is the only efficient treatment for it.It is important to treat the local complications,to use antibiotics and to assess the tolerance of increased intra-abdominal pressure before operation.Component separation technique is feasible to close the abdominal wall defect,which is one of the main difficuhies in giant heruia repair.After that,mesh repair with biological materials is recommended to enhance the abdominal wall.Although mesh repair techniques diversified,sandwich hernionhaphy seems superior.This paper will analyse the present treatment progress of abdominal giant incisional hernia.

Impact of rosuvastatin on atherosclerosis lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin on atherosclerosis in apoE-knockout (apoE-/-) mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen 6-week-old apoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet were used as atherosclerosis models, twelve 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet were used as control. After twelve weeks, six apoE-/- mice were used to observe the formation of atherosclerosis. Another 12 apoE-/- mice were divided into placebo treated group (n = 6) and rosuvastatin group (n = 6, 10 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) per gavage) and treated for 12 weeks. Then, blood was collected for measuring lipid, aorta was prepared for morphologic study (HE, Oil red O, Masson) and immunohistochemical analysis (α-smooth active protein, transforming growth factor β(1), macrophage surface molecule-3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in apoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet than in C57/BL6 mice(all P < 0.01)while triglyceride level was similar between the two groups, these were not affected by rosuvastatin. Similarly, atherosclerotic lesion area in apoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet was also not significantly reduced by rosuvastatin, while lipid deposition could be significantly reduced and collagen deposition could be significantly increased in the aortic atherosclerotic lesions by treatment with rosuvastatin. Upregulated TGF-β(1) and Mac-3 expression in the aortic atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet could also be significantly reduced by rosuvastatin (all P < 0.01), suggesting reduce inflammatory responses in the atherosclerotic lesion and stable atherosclerotic plaque post rosuvastatin treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reducing inflammatory responses and stabilizing plaque properties might contribute to the anti-atherosclerosis effects of rosuvastatin in mice high fat diet fed apoE-/- mice.</p>

Study on protective effect of the extract of ginkgo biloba on myocardial tissue in aged rat / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of the extract of ginkgo biloba on myocardial tissue in aged rat.Methods The rats aged 20 months were given the extract of ginkgo biloba (EGB) and ALT-711 respectively by garage for 16 weeks.The aged controls and adult rats were infused with the same volume saline.The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malonyt diadehyde (MDA) in blood samples and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the myocardial tissue were measured .The myocardial histopathological changes under electron microscope and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion rate in myocardial cells were observed.Results Compared with the adult rats, the content of AGEs in myocardial cells in aged rats was significantly increased [(33.5±1.3)AU/mgHYP us.(18.1±1.2)AU/mgHYP, t= 7.18,P<0.05] and the levels of SOD and GSH-PX in blood samples were decreased [(138.4±3.8) U/mlvs.(227.7±13.8)U/ml, (1283.8±28.8) U/ml vs.(2114.1 ±135.9)U/ml, t=-19.59, -18.79;both P<0.01].The MDA level in the serum and mtDNA deletion rate in aged rats were higher than in adult rats[(6.7±0.6) mmol/ml vs.(4.1±1.0) mmol/ml, (0.18054±0.0718) % vs.( 0.0060±0.0001)%, t=7.18,6.98;both P<0.05].Compared with the aged controls, the content of AGEs in myocardial cells, the level of MDA and mtDNA deletion rate were significantly decreased in EGB and ALT-711 treatment adults (all P<0.05).The SOD and GSH-PX in blood samples were increased in EGB and ALT-711 treatment adults (all P<0.05).Conclusions Nonenzymatic glycation may play an important role in myocardial aging, which may be amplified by oxidative stress.EGB and ALT-711 may have the same anti-aging effects by inhibiting nonenzymatic glycation and oxidative stress.

Design and biomechanical test of sliding Instrumentation of a pedicle screw system / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Locking pedicle screw system is commonly used in clinic, but it often suppresses spinal longitudinal growth of adolescent at growth phase. Thus, a pedicle screw system that can reduce even avoid the inhibition to spinal growth is needed. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical performance of sliding instrumentation of pedicle screw system and traditional locking pedicle screw system. DESIGN: Comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, and Department of Orthopedics, the 211 Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at Department of Material Science, Harbin Institute of Technology on June 29th, 2007. Self-designed sliding pedicle screw system was made of Ti alloy by Wujin No. 3 Medical Instrument Factory Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Province. It consisted of sliding pedicle screw, orthopaedic rod and transversal coupling device. Twelve samples of fresh porcine spine were selected, and muscles attached on vertebral bodies of TrL5 were removed carefully but integrity of main ligament and precessus articularis posterior was retained. METHODS: The samples were randomly divided into sliding system group and locking system group with 6 samples in each group. Partial vertebral plate and surrounding ligaments of T12as well as bilateral facet joints between T11-12 and T12-L1 were removed to induce spinal destabilization, then sliding pedicle screw system and locking pedicle screw system were respectively fixed onto T10, T12, and L2 vertebral bodies of two groups. The samples then were fixed into fixture, and put onto INSTAON-4505 axial compressor. The strain gauge was connected with YJ-31 static electricity resistance strain gauge instrument human to simulate human spinal load, and the center of gravity was loaded to induce forward flexion, backward extension, lateral flexion and axial construction. Load of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 N was given gradually, and displacement of T12 was measured under different loads. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Changns in principal stress and displacement under forward flexion, backward extension, lateral flexion and axial construction; ②Spinal fixation intensity and rigidity. RESULTS: No statistical difference was detected in main straining, displacement of apical vertebrae and intensity of fixation between sliding system group and locking system group under forward flexion, backward extension, lateral flexion and axial construction (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sliding pedicle screw system has identical biomechanical stability as locking system. Furthermore, in sliding pedicle screw system, the screw and rod are coupled by sliding pattern, which extend along with spinal growth. It can be used to treat scoliosis at growth phase.

RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Ursodeoxycholic Acid Capsule / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of Ursodeoxycholic acid in Ursodeoxycholic acid capsules by RP-HPLC.METHODS: HPLC was performed on Merck Lichrospher100 C18 column(125 mm?4.0 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.002 mol?L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution(50∶50)(adjust pH2.0 with NaOH) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 205 nm.RESULTS: The calibration curve of Ursodeoxycholic acid was linear within the range of 0.25～1.00 mg?mL-1(r=0.999 7).The average recovery was 99.5% and RSD was 0.9%(n=9).CONCLUSION: This method is simple,feasible and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of Ursodeoxycholic acid capsules.

Comparison of different radiographic films in predicting the three-dimensional correction and fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Standing bending, supine bending, lateral pressing, pronation compression films and traction radiography are indeed effective to predict the correction outcome of surgeries by Harrington's method and Lugue's method,however, they are discontented for the correction of three-dimensional pedicle screw of vertebral arch.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of preoperative X-ray films of gravity-suspending traction, supine bending and fulcrum bending in patients undergoing spinal three-dimensional correction and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).DESIGN: Contrast observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, the 211 Hospital of Chinese PLA (Military Orthopaedics Center).PARTICIPANTS: From January 2003 to December 2005, 63 cases aged 10-21 years were recruited from Department of Orthopaedics in the 211 Hospital of Chinese PLA, including 18 males and 45 females. They were diagnosed as AIS by clinical examinations and X-ray film, with Cobb angle≥40°. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects.METHODS: All of the 63 AIS cases with 79 structural curves were studied by preoperative X-ray films of standing,gravity-suspending traction, supine bending and fulcrum bending, which were compared with standing X-ray films one week postoperatively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cobb angles of preoperative fulcrum bending film and postoperative standing film.RESULTS: All of the 63 cases were involved in the result analysis. There was no significant difference in the Cobb angle between preoperative fulcrum bending X-ray film and postoperative standing X-ray film (P ＞ 0.05). Gravity-suspending traction and supine bending films were significantly different from postoperative standing film (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The fulcrum bending X-ray films are superior to gravity-suspending traction and supine bending films in predicting the postoperative correction of AIS patients.

A general survey of adolescent scoliosis in Heilongjiang province / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence rate of adolescent scoliosis in Heilongjiang province. [Methods]A total of 17 525 students(aged 7 ~15 years old) from 28 primary and secondary schools were screened for scoliosis from April 2007 to May 2009.Physical examination,corrugated photography and X-ray were used for the screening,prevalence rate was calculated and correspondent treatment was given to patients.[Results]The result of first check-positive was 911(5.20%),with male 448(4.92%),female 463(5.44%).The second check-positive was 413(2.36),with male 181(2.00%),female 232(2.73%),387 in them received the third check.In the third check,335 patients were found the Cobb's angle ≥10?,with the prevalence rate of 1.91%(male 147,1.63%,female 188,2.21%).[Conclusion]Adolescent scoliosis can be early found,early diagnosed,prevented and treated by general survey.

A vitro biomechanical study of the stability of slidable pedicle screw system / 中国矫形外科杂志

0.05).[Conclusion]There are the same correct effectiveness and the biomechanical stability in the treatment with the slidable pedicle screw system and universal pedicle screw system,meanwhile there is no effect in the adolescent growth.

Structural modification and bioactivity of cyclovirobuxine D / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To search for new compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by structural modification of cyclovirobuxine D.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to rational drug design principle, a series of cyclovirobuxine D analogues were prepared, and their bioactivities were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten new compounds were syntheized and confirmed by spectra.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endurance lacking oxygen activity and antiarrhythmia effects of some analogues of cyclovirobuxine D were tested. Some compounds showed better activity than cyclovirobuxine D.</p>

Categorization and anorectal manometry in chronic constipation / 中华消化杂志

Objective We categorized chronic constipation according to colonic transit time (CTT) and transit index (TI), and investigated the abnormalities of anorectal motility and sensory function in patients in different categories. Methods Each subject ingested 20 radiopaque markers, and abdominal X rays were obtained at 72 h. Chronic constipation was categorized according to CTT and TI. Anorectal manometry was carried out in all subjects to investigate the abnormalities of anorectal motility and sensory function in patients in different categories. Results Chronic constipation was divided into four types: normal transit constipation (NTC), slow transit constipation (STC), outlet obstructive constipation (OOC), and mixed type constipation (MC). Patients with constipation displayed significantly lower anorectal resting pressure, squeezing pressure and larger rectal maximum tolerate volume than controls ( P